Installation Material

The Building Blocks of a Track Lighting System

A complete track lighting system consists of various components that work together to supply power and position track spots. Selecting the right components depends on the desired number of lighting groups and the layout of the space.

Track Profiles: The Foundation for Flexible Lighting

Track profiles are the carriers of the system. They come in various lengths and colors. There is a distinction between single-phase and three-phase tracks:

• Single-phase track: These tracks provide one power circuit and are suitable in situations where all connected fixtures need to be switched on or off simultaneously. Installation is typically straightforward and linear.
• Three-phase track: This variant is divided into three separate power circuits, which allows multiple groups of fixtures to be switched or dimmed independently. This provides a high degree of control over lighting in different zones within a space and is often the preferred choice for commercial applications.

The profiles are mounted directly to the ceiling or installed lower using pendants.

Power Connectors: Supplying Power to the Track System

To supply power to the track system, a power connector is used. This connects the electrical cable from the mains to the track. There are several types:

• End feed: This type is placed at the beginning or end of a track profile.
• Middle feed: This connector is used to supply power in the middle of a longer track system or to connect and power two track profiles at once.

For three-phase systems, connecting the power connector with a five-core electric cable is important, where L1, L2, and L3 represent the separate phases, alongside the neutral and ground wires.

Connectors: Creating Custom Layouts

Connectors are essential for joining track profiles together and creating the desired shape of the track system. These adapters provide both mechanical and electrical continuity between segments.

A crucial aspect of connectors is the indication of the earthing position with 'L' (left) or 'R' (right). To create a functional system, a connector with an 'L' earthing side must always be followed by one with an 'R' earthing side, and vice versa. This ensures proper electrical continuity and safety.

Common connectors include:

• Straight connectors: Join two tracks in a straight line.
• Corner connectors: Allow for a 90-degree turn.
• T-connectors: These create a branch from a main track. T-connectors have one unique earthing side and two that repeat (L-R-R or R-L-L). Power enters through the unique side and is distributed in two directions.
• Cross connectors (X-connectors): Provide four connection points, creating two parallel power lines. An X-connector does not support three-way splitting, only two interconnected lines.

After installing the tracks and connectors, the open ends should be covered with end caps. This adds safety and gives the system a neat finish.

Step-by-step Installation of a Track Lighting System

Installing a track lighting system requires precision, but is achievable with the right approach. Here is a practical step-by-step guide:

1. Switch off the power: Always begin by turning off the main power at the fuse box and check with a voltage tester to ensure there is no current. This is a necessary safety measure.
2. Determine and mark the layout: Decide on the exact position of the tracks on the ceiling or wall. Carefully mark the drill holes with a pencil, taking into account the length of the profiles and positions of connectors and feed points. Ensure there are enough fixing points to support the weight of the tracks and fixtures.
3. Drill holes and insert plugs: Drill holes at the marked positions with a suitable drill (typically 6 mm for standard plugs). Then insert the appropriate wall plugs.
4. Mount the track profiles: Secure the track profiles firmly to the ceiling or wall with screws. Make sure the tracks are level for a sleek appearance.
5. Connect the power connector: Attach the power connector at the desired position on the track. Connect the electrical wires (brown for live, blue for neutral, yellow-green for earth, and if applicable, extra L2, L3 for three-phase systems) from the power supply to the correct terminals in the power connector. Ensure all connections are tight.
6. Install the connectors: If the system consists of multiple track segments, install the connectors between the profiles. Pay close attention to the 'L' and 'R' markings for correct earth alignment and electrical connection.
7. Apply the end caps: Place end caps on the open ends of the track. This is important for safety and an attractive finish.
8. Switch on the power and test: Once all components are properly assembled, turn the power back on and test the track lighting system for correct operation.

Considerations for Functional Track Lighting

In addition to basic installation, there are some additional points that may affect the functionality and lifespan of your track lighting system.

Capacity and Maximum Load

Every track system has a maximum electrical load it can handle. It’s important not to exceed this limit with the total wattage of all connected track spots and any other devices. Always consult the specifications of the profiles and the power connector to avoid overloading. The maximum load is usually specified in the product's technical documentation.

Integration with DALI and Other Control Systems

For advanced lighting control, such as detailed dimming and creating complex lighting scenes, track lighting can be integrated with systems like DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface). This requires DALI-compatible track spots and possibly DALI modules or drivers to be placed on or near the track. The wiring for DALI control usually runs alongside the power conductors in the track or using separate cabling.

Spacing Between Spots and Optimal Light Distribution

The distance between track spots depends on their light output (lumens) and the desired illumination level on the surface. For fixtures with a light output above 1200 lumens, about three square meters per spot is generally recommended. For spots above 1800 lumens, this can be up to four square meters per light source for even general lighting. For accent lighting, spots can be placed closer together.

Mounting Height of the Track System

The mounting height of tracks affects both the perceived space and lighting effectiveness. A height of 2.40 to 3 meters above the floor is often functional. Since the track spots themselves have a height of 20 to 30 cm, this results in a comfortable lighting level.

With the right knowledge and materials, setting up a robust track lighting system is a straightforward process. The flexibility these systems offer makes them a great choice for many environments where dynamic and adaptable lighting is needed.